Often overlooked in favour of trendier greens, the artichoke is a true gem in the vegetable world – rich in history, flavour, and health benefits.
🧬 Nutritional Facts (Per 100g)
- Calories: 47 kcal
- Fibre: 5.4g (a digestive champion!)
- Protein: 3.3g
- Vitamin C: 11.7mg
- Folate (B9): 68mcg
- Magnesium: 60mg
- Potassium: 370mg
Low in fat, high in fibre, and loaded with antioxidants, artichokes are a heart-healthy addition to any meal.
💚 Health Benefits
- Supports Liver Function: Thanks to cynarin and silymarin, artichokes aid detoxification and liver regeneration.
- Aids Digestion: High fibre content promotes gut health and regularity.
- Reduces ‘Bad’ Cholesterol: Studies suggest artichoke leaf extract may help lower LDL cholesterol.
- Rich in Antioxidants: Artichokes rank among the top vegetables in antioxidant capacity – great for cellular health and ageing.
- Blood Pressure Support: The potassium content helps regulate blood pressure levels.
🍴 How to Enjoy Them
Whether roasted, steamed, grilled, or blended into dips like a creamy artichoke hummus – they’re delicious and versatile. Pair with lemon, olive oil, garlic or even a light vinaigrette for a Mediterranean twist.
🌱 Fun Fact
Did you know the artichoke is actually a type of thistle? Its edible part is the flower bud – if left to bloom, it turns into a stunning purple blossom!
Deep Dive into the Artichoke Markets in the UK and EU
Artichokes, with their unique flavour and health benefits, hold a notable position in the European agricultural landscape. This analysis explores the current state of the artichoke markets within the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK), focusing on production, consumption, trade dynamics, and market trends.
European Union (EU) Artichoke Market
Production and Consumption
The EU is a significant player in global artichoke production, with Italy, Spain, and France leading the way. In 2024, these three countries collectively accounted for 98% of the EU’s total artichoke production. Italy alone contributed approximately 63% of the total volume, underscoring its dominance in the sector.
Market Value and Growth
The EU artichoke market was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024, maintaining a steady growth trajectory with an average annual increase of 1.5% from 2012 to 2024. This consistent growth reflects a stable demand within the region.
Trade Dynamics
Exports
Spain stands out as the largest exporter of artichokes within the EU, followed by Italy and France. In 2024, Spain’s exports constituted a significant portion of the total EU artichoke exports. The Netherlands also plays a role in the export market, albeit to a lesser extent.
Imports
France and Italy are not only leading producers but also the largest importers of artichokes within the EU, indicating a robust internal demand that exceeds domestic production capacities. Belgium and Germany also contribute to the import market, though to a lesser degree.
United Kingdom (UK) Artichoke Market
Market Value and Consumption
In 2024, the UK artichoke market experienced a notable surge, reaching a value of $854,000, which represents a 17% increase compared to the previous year. This growth suggests a rising interest and consumption of artichokes among UK consumers.
Import Patterns
The UK primarily imports artichokes from France, Spain, and Italy, with these countries supplying 90% of the UK’s total artichoke imports. Other contributors include Jordan, Egypt, and the Netherlands. The reliance on imports indicates limited domestic production and a growing domestic demand.
Export Activity
UK exports of artichokes are relatively modest. In 2023, the main export destinations were the Netherlands, Barbados, and Ireland. However, the overall export volume remains low, highlighting the UK’s role primarily as an importer in the artichoke market.
Market Trends and Insights
- Health Awareness Driving Demand: Increasing awareness of the health benefits associated with artichokes, such as their high fibre content and antioxidant properties, is contributing to their growing popularity in both the EU and UK markets.
- Seasonality and Supply Challenges: The seasonal nature of artichoke production poses challenges for consistent supply, affecting pricing and availability. This seasonality underscores the importance of strategic import patterns to meet year-round demand.
- Diversification of Suppliers: The emergence of non-traditional suppliers, such as Jordan and Egypt, in the UK import market indicates a diversification strategy to ensure a stable supply and mitigate risks associated with reliance on a few countries.
In Sum
The artichoke markets in the EU and UK are characterised by steady growth, driven by health-conscious consumers and culinary trends. While the EU maintains a strong production base, the UK relies heavily on imports to satisfy its increasing demand. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for stakeholders aiming to navigate and capitalise on opportunities within the European artichoke market.
🌱 Artichoke Varieties We Deal With
1. Spinoso Sardo (Thorny Sardinian)
- Origin: Sardinia, Italy
- Appearance: Small to medium-sized heads with long, sharp yellowish thorns on the tips of bracts; green with subtle purple hues.
- Flavour: Strong, slightly bitter, with an intensely aromatic profile.
- Use: Best enjoyed raw (thinly sliced in salads), steamed, or sautéed. Highly prized in Italian cuisine.
- Season: November to March
- Special Status: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) – guaranteeing its Sardinian heritage.
2. Tema
- Origin: Italy
- Appearance: Small to medium-sized long heads, fleshy violet/purple bracts. No thorns – making them easy to handle.
- Flavour: Mild and sweet, with a tender heart.
- Use: Excellent for roasting, boiling, or marinating. Often used for hearts in jars or tins.
- Season: November to April
- Popular In: UK retail and foodservice sectors due to its yield and low waste.
3. Violet (Violetto or Violet de Provence)
- Origin: France & Italy
- Appearance: Long, tapered heads with vibrant purple bracts. Often smaller and more elongated than green varieties.
- Flavour: Delicate, slightly nutty, and less bitter.
- Use: Ideal for grilling, pickling, or eating whole (especially the baby versions).
- Season: December to April/May
- Variants: Includes sub-types like Violetto di Toscana, Violet de Provence, and Sardinian Violetto.
4. Roman (Carciofo Romanesco or Mammole)
- Origin: Central Italy, especially around Rome; also cultivated in Sardinia, south regions in Italy, Spain
- Appearance: Large, round, globe-like with soft, spineless bracts and a violet-green colour.
- Flavour: Tender and sweet, with minimal bitterness.
- Use: Classic in Carciofi alla Romana (Roman-style braised artichokes), also great stuffed or fried.
- Season: February to May
- Special Status: Often carries PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) status.
5. Green Globe Artichoke
- Origin: Widely grown – originally developed in France, now popular in the USA, Spain, Italy and the UK.
- Appearance: Large, round, tightly packed heads with wide, green bracts. Spineless and uniform.
- Flavour: Mild, slightly nutty, and creamy texture when cooked.
- Use: Versatile – suitable for steaming, grilling, baking, or dipping. Popular in restaurants and retail.
- Season: December to May (depending on region)
- Note: Most common commercial variety globally – especially in export-oriented cultivation.
🧺 Quick Comparison Table
| Variety | Appearance | Flavour Profile | Best Use | Thorny? | Main Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinoso Sardo | Green w/ thorns | Bitter, aromatic | Raw, sautéed, braised | Yes | Sardinia (IT) |
| Tema | Purple, fleshy | Sweet, tender | Roasted, marinated, canned | No | Italy |
| Violet | Purple, tapered | Nutty, delicate | Grilled, pickled | No | France/Italy |
| Roman | Violet-green | Sweet, mellow | Stuffed, Roman-style dishes | No | Italy |
| Green Globe | Large, green | Mild, creamy | Steamed, grilled, dips | No | Global |
1. Market Share Analysis by Variety
Artichokes are cultivated in various varieties across Europe and the UK, each with distinct characteristics and market presence. Here’s an overview of some prominent varieties:
Globe Artichokes: This category includes varieties like ‘Green Globe’, ‘Green Queen’, ‘Calico’, ‘Blanco de España’, and ‘Romanesco’. Globe artichokes are among the most widely cultivated and consumed, particularly in countries such as Italy, Spain, and France.
Violet Artichokes: Varieties such as ‘Violet de Provence’ are popular in regions like France and Italy. These artichokes are known for their elongated shape and purple hue. Sardinian Violet has green and violet hue.
Spinoso Sardo (Thorny Sardinian): Predominantly grown in Sardinia, Italy, this variety is recognized for its thorny leaves and distinct flavor.
Tema: Specific data on the market share of the ‘Tema’ variety is limited, indicating it may have a more niche presence compared to the aforementioned varieties.
While comprehensive, up-to-date data on the exact market share percentages of each variety is limited, it’s evident that Globe Artichokes dominate the market, especially in major producing countries. The prominence of other varieties like Violet Artichokes and Spinoso Sardo is more region-specific.
2. Export/Import Trends
The artichoke trade within the EU and the UK is characterized by active import and export activities, with certain countries leading in production and trade.
- Exports:
- Spain: As one of the largest producers, Spain is a significant exporter of artichokes, supplying various EU countries and international markets.
- Italy: Alongside Spain, Italy plays a crucial role in exporting artichokes, particularly within Europe.
- Spain: As one of the largest producers, Spain is a significant exporter of artichokes, supplying various EU countries and international markets.
- Imports:
- France: Despite being a producer, France imports substantial quantities of artichokes to meet domestic demand, both for fresh consumption and processing.
- United Kingdom: The UK relies heavily on imports to satisfy its artichoke consumption, with primary suppliers being Spain, Italy, and France.
- France: Despite being a producer, France imports substantial quantities of artichokes to meet domestic demand, both for fresh consumption and processing.
Emerging suppliers from non-EU countries, such as Peru, have also entered the market, contributing to the diversification of artichoke sources. For instance, from March 2023 to February 2024, Peru accounted for 43% of global artichoke exports, highlighting its growing influence in the market.
3. Storage and Handling Tips for Fresh Trade
Proper storage and handling are vital to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of fresh artichokes. Here are some best practices:
- Temperature Control: Store artichokes at temperatures close to 0°C (32°F) with high humidity levels (95-100%) to reduce respiration rates and delay senescence. This practice helps in preserving freshness during transportation and storage.
- Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP): Utilizing MAP can help in extending the shelf life of artichokes by reducing oxygen levels and increasing carbon dioxide, thereby slowing down metabolic processes. However, the effectiveness varies depending on the specific conditions and artichoke variety.
- Handling Practices: Minimize mechanical damage during harvesting and post-harvest handling, as bruising can lead to increased respiration rates and susceptibility to microbial contamination.
- Pre-Cooling: Implement rapid pre-cooling techniques, such as forced-air cooling, immediately after harvest to remove field heat and prepare artichokes for cold storage or transportation. This step is crucial for maintaining quality during long-distance shipping.
By adhering to these storage and handling protocols, the freshness and marketability of artichokes can be significantly enhanced, benefiting both suppliers and consumers.
We also offer film-wrapped artichokes, typically presented as four heads per tray, sealed with a clear, protective film. This packaging format is particularly popular among supermarkets due to its convenience and shelf appeal. We supply both organic and conventional options to meet diverse market demands.
